Poor trends in the health status of children and adolescents were responsible for as high as 80% of the number of young men and girls with health limitations to have vocational training and labor activity. Medical professional advice is a system of measures to assist young men and girls with health abnormalities in choosing professions or specialties that would promote their health and favor their successful adaptation to the conditions of obtaining vocational training and further work. Qualified medical professional advice should be based on the new science-based lists of medical contraindications, which are to be commissioned by the joint orders of the Ministry of Health and Social Development and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.