Ghrelin, cholecystokinin, and peptide YY in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): molecular cloning and tissue expression

Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2009 Feb 1;160(3):223-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.11.024. Epub 2008 Dec 6.

Abstract

Gastrointestinal (GI) peptide hormones, ghrelin (GHRL), cholecystokinin (CCK), and peptide YY (PYY) genes were identified in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Full-length cDNAs encoding two isoforms of GHRL (GHRL-1 and GHRL-2), two isoforms of CCK (CCK-L and CCK-N) and peptide YY (PYY) cDNA were obtained. The GHRL-1 and GHRL-2 genes encoded proteins of 111- and 108-amino acids, respectively. Both types of GHRL were mainly expressed in the stomach, but also weakly expressed in the pyloric caeca, mid-gut, adipose tissue, and testis. The CCK-L and CCK-N genes encoded preproproteins of 132- and 140-amino acids, respectively. Both types of CCK were strongly expressed in the brain and comparatively weakly expressed in other tissues, including the digestive tract. In the digestive tract, CCK-L was mainly expressed in the pyloric caeca and hind-gut, while CCK-N was only expressed in the pyloric caeca. The PYY gene encoded for 97-amino acid residues and was mainly expressed in the brain and anterior part of the intestine, including the pyloric caeca. In an experiment, we demonstrated that 6 days starvation led to, increased GHRL-1 mRNA levels in the GI tract (stomach), while there no significant changes in expression levels for the other hormones in the GI tract. This suggests an orexigenic role for GHRL-1 in Atlantic salmon. These data contribute to elucidate the functional relationships among teleost gastrointestinal peptide hormones.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Base Sequence
  • Cholecystokinin / chemistry
  • Cholecystokinin / genetics
  • Cholecystokinin / metabolism*
  • Cloning, Molecular
  • DNA, Complementary / chemistry
  • Fish Proteins / chemistry
  • Fish Proteins / genetics
  • Fish Proteins / metabolism*
  • Ghrelin / chemistry
  • Ghrelin / genetics
  • Ghrelin / metabolism*
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Peptide YY / chemistry
  • Peptide YY / genetics
  • Peptide YY / metabolism*
  • Phylogeny
  • Salmo salar / genetics
  • Salmo salar / metabolism*
  • Sequence Alignment
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA
  • Sequence Analysis, Protein
  • Starvation / metabolism

Substances

  • DNA, Complementary
  • Fish Proteins
  • Ghrelin
  • Peptide YY
  • Cholecystokinin