Carotenoid synthesis during the past approximately 30 years is summarized. Total syntheses of peridinin, fucoxanthin and halocynthiaxanthin, and biomimetic total syntheses of mytiloxanthin, crassostreaxanthin B, capsanthin, capsorubin, cucurbitaxanthin A, cycloviolaxanthin and capsanthin 3,6-epoxide are discussed.