(a–d) Tomograms generated using different techniques. See original publications for specimen and repository information, (e–g) virtual fossil reconstructions. (a) Physical–optical tomogram (digital microscope photography following serial grinding) of ‘marrelomorph’ arthropod X. chledophilia (), Herefordshire Lagerstätte (Silurian, England), ×2.5. (b) Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) tomogram of the scalidophoran Markuelia hunanensis (Cambrian, China), from dataset of , ×80. (c) Magnetic resonance imaging tomograms of guard of the belemnite Belemnopsis sp., Tendaguru Formation (Jurassic, Tanzania), ×2 (reproduced from ). (d) Confocal laser scanning microscopy tomogram of a permineralized spirally coiled cyanobacterial trichome (Heliconema funiculum), Bitter Springs Formation (approx. 850 Ma, Australia), ×940 (reproduced from ). (e) Hardware-rendered single-isosurface reconstruction of curculionid insect (weevil), Bouldnor Formation (‘Bembridge Marl’; Eocene, England) based on X-ray micro-tomography data edited to remove objects in matrix not relevant to fossil, ×6. Maidstone Museum and Bentlif Art Gallery, MNEMG 2008. 11. (f) Hardware-rendered multiple isosurface reconstruction of the scalidophoran M. hunanensis (Cambrian, China) partially dissected to reveal scalid structure, based on unedited SRXTM data, ×82 (reproduced from ). (g) Ray-traced multiple isosurface reconstruction of marrelomorph arthropod X. chledophilia, Herefordshire Lagerstätte (Silurian, England), based on physical–optical data edited to remove unwanted objects and identify fossil structures, ×1.2 (reproduced from ).