The proximal airway of the bat Tadarida brasiliensis: a minimum entropy production design

J Comp Physiol B. 2008 Mar;178(3):377-84. doi: 10.1007/s00360-007-0230-z. Epub 2007 Dec 12.

Abstract

The bronchial tree of most mammalian lungs is a good example of an efficient distribution system whose geometry and dimensions of branched structures are important factors in determining the efficiency of respiration. Small and flying endothermic animals have high-energy requirements, requiring morphological and physiological adaptations to reduce energy loss. Here we show that Tadarida brasiliensis, a nocturnal small bat whose energy requirements are exacerbated by this small size and by their frequent exposure to high altitude, has a different morphology in the proximal airway, sustained by a wider trachea and better scaling factors, than other non-flying mammals. This design allows a great decrease of the volume specific resistance of the proximal airway and in consequence a very low entropy production during breathing, approximately 1/18 of that expected for a non-flying mammals of similar body size.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Altitude
  • Animals
  • Arvicolinae
  • Body Size / physiology
  • Bronchi / anatomy & histology*
  • Bronchi / physiology*
  • Chiroptera / anatomy & histology*
  • Chiroptera / physiology*
  • Energy Metabolism / physiology
  • Entropy*
  • Models, Biological*
  • Rabbits
  • Rats
  • Respiration