Inhibition or deletion of the lipopolysaccharide receptor Toll-like receptor-4 confers partial protection against lipid-induced insulin resistance in rodent skeletal muscle

Diabetologia. 2008 Feb;51(2):336-46. doi: 10.1007/s00125-007-0861-3. Epub 2007 Dec 1.

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis: A role for increased activity of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance is supported by a number of studies. The current study assessed the potential role of the lipopolysaccharide receptor known as Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), a component of the innate immune system, in mediating lipid-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.

Methods: The effects of TLR-4 inhibition/deletion on lipid-induced insulin resistance was determined in skeletal muscle of TLR-4 null mice in vivo and in rat L6 myotubes in vitro.

Results: In mice, acute hyperlipidaemia induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance, but a deletion of TLR-4 conferred significant protection against these effects. In L6 myotubes, inhibition of TLR-4 activity substantially reduced the capacity of the saturated fatty acid palmitate to induce insulin resistance. Importantly, palmitate activated the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) pathway in L6 myotubes and mouse skeletal muscle, and these effects were blocked by inhibition of TLR-4 in L6 myotubes and absence of TLR-4 in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, inhibition of the NFkappaB pathway downstream of TLR-4 in L6 myotubes also protected against the induction of insulin resistance by palmitate.

Conclusions/interpretation: Inhibition or absence of TLR-4 confers protection against the detrimental effects of lipids on skeletal muscle insulin action, and these effects are associated with a prevention of the activation of the NFkappaB pathway by lipids. Importantly, inhibition of the NFkappaB pathway in myotubes downstream of TLR-4 also protects against lipid-induced insulin resistance, suggesting a mechanism by which reduced TLR-4 activity confers beneficial effects on insulin action.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Glucose / pharmacology
  • Glucose Transporter Type 4 / metabolism
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / pharmacology
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Insulin / pharmacology
  • Insulin Resistance*
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / drug effects*
  • Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / metabolism
  • Muscle, Skeletal / drug effects*
  • Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism
  • Muscle, Skeletal / physiopathology
  • NF-kappa B / metabolism
  • Palmitates / pharmacology*
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism
  • RNA, Messenger / genetics
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
  • Rats
  • Toll-Like Receptor 4 / genetics
  • Toll-Like Receptor 4 / physiology*

Substances

  • Glucose Transporter Type 4
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Insulin
  • NF-kappa B
  • Palmitates
  • RNA, Messenger
  • Toll-Like Receptor 4
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
  • Glucose