The organochlorinne pesticides (OCPs) and the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment core collected from Lake Nansihu were quantificationally analyzed by GC-ECD. The pollution history of OCPs and PCBs in this area was reconstructed by analysis of the concentrations of OCPs and PCBs connected with the deposition time by 210Pb isotope dating method. The results indicated that the concentration ranges of OCPs, HCHs, DDTs and PCBs were 1.64 - 17.9, 0.66 - 12.5, 0.24 - 2.99 and 7.84 - 42.8 ng g(-1) respectively. The sediment rate and the average mass sedimentation were calculated to be 0.330 cm a(-1) and 0.237 g (cm2 a)(-1), and the sediment time of this core sample ranged from 1899 to 2000. OCPs and PCBs had the peak value at 1960s and 1970s. The source analysis showed HCH came from HCH products and lindane, and HCH and DDT came from historic using. The source of PCBs had been deduced to be the blench process of paper making and incinerator emission. Except the concentration of beta-HCH, gamma-HCH and aldrin at 14 - 16 cm depth, the other concentrations of OCPs and PCBs were all less than the low ecologic risk value. The whole sediment core of Lake Nansihu belonged to the low ecologic risk level.