In 1987 a preventive programme was initiated to address the problem of high hospital and community-acquired CAPD infection. It concentrated on reducing Staphylococcus aureus carriage, improving aseptic operative technique, intensive training for nursing staff and patients in stringent aseptic care of the exit site, and avoidance of contact of the exit site with unsterile water. This programme was associated with an overall 10-fold reduction in exit site infection, a 2-fold reduction in peritonitis, and a 4.5-fold reduction in catheter loss from infection. These reductions have been sustained. Preventing infection in CAPD patients requires persistence and commitment but improves the patient's quality of life and reduces the cost of treatment.