A simple hydrothermal method has been developed for the one-step synthesis of copper-core/carbon-sheath nanocables in solution. The obtained nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), Raman, and UV-vis spectrum analysis. These copper@carbon nanocables formed through the hydrothermal reduction/carbonization in the presence of surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) acting as the structure-directing agent by hydrothermal treatment. HRTEM and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) indicate that the resulted Cu nanowires had the preferred [110] growth direction. The influence of the reaction temperature, reaction time, and pH on the final products was investigated in detail. The possible formation mechanism for copper-core/carbon-sheath nanocables was also proposed. Amorphous carbon nanotubes can be obtained by etching the copper core in the nanocables.