Surface melting of the vortex lattice

Phys Rev Lett. 2006 May 5;96(17):177001. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.177001. Epub 2006 May 1.

Abstract

We discuss the effect of an (ab) surface on the melting transition of the pancake-vortex lattice in a layered superconductor within a density functional theory approach. Both discontinuous and continuous surface melting are predicted for this system, although the latter scenario occupies the major part of the low-field phase diagram. The formation of a quasiliquid layer below the bulk melting temperature inhibits the appearance of a superheated solid phase, yielding an asymmetric hysteretic behavior which has been seen in experiments.