We examined the impact of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and overactive bladder (OAB) on micturition habits and health-related quality of life (QOL). A total of 250 Korean women were included in the study. The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36) and the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) were used to assess QOL in the patient (SUI, n=158 and OAB, n=92) and control (n=70) groups. A control group was recruited at the Health Promotion Center of our hospital. Each of the dimension scores in the SF-36 represents better health, while that of the KHQ does worse health perception. On the frequency-volume charts, patients with OAB had more nighttime voids than those with SUI (P=0.001). Of the eight domains in the SF-36 questionnaire, four domains were significantly different between the control and OAB groups. Patients with SUI had a significantly lower score on one domain than the controls. Between the SUI and OAB groups, only one domain showed a significant difference. Regarding the KHQ, all domain scores in control subjects were significantly lower than those in the SUI and OAB groups. Between the SUI and OAB groups, the OAB group had higher scores on 'general health perception' and 'sleep/energy disturbances', while the scores of 'physical limitations' and 'severity measures' were higher in the SUI group. Women with OAB have a higher number of nocturic episodes than those with SUI, but the QOL is not less affected by SUI than by OAB. Furthermore, simultaneous disease-specific QOL instruments should be used in the evaluation of urinary incontinence because the generic QOL instrument is not a sensitive tool for measuring QOL in this population.