Background: Sarcopenia, the age related decline in muscle mass, is associated with a reduction in muscle function, physical performance, quality of life, and loss of independence. Exercise, specifically resistance (weight) training, has been shown to be an effective countermeasure, arresting decline and substantially improving physical function.
Objective: This article reviews the prevalence of sarcopenia, underlying processes, and the role of exercise as a treatment strategy. Practical guidelines are provided for prescribing exercise to older patients.
Discussion: The aging neuromuscular system is highly responsive to resistance training. Resistance can be applied using specialised weight training machines, elastic bands, objects around the home, or body weight. Training once or twice a week targeting the major muscle groups at moderate intensity is sufficient for improvement.