In chronic experiments on rabbits with preliminary alimentary or water deprivation electrical and mechanic activity was studied of the chewer muscle proper and of the esophagus in the process of animals food or water taking. It has been established that in patterns of electrical and mechanic activity of the chewer muscle proper and esophagus specific differences of alimentary and drinking behaviour of animals are reflected. Dominating motivation of different biological properties determines the specific integration of motoneurones of chewing and swallowing centers and peripheral contraction elements of digestive tract in the functional systems of alimentary and drinking behaviour.