The current reliance on petro-based fuels and chemicals is not sustainable. New technologies typically take approximately 25 years to penetrate the market; consequently, the development of viable alternatives is required in the near future. Plant-based systems capture solar energy and can be produced in a renewable manner. However, the harvestable parts are not well optimized for energy transfer and this has been a significant limitation to the development of economically viable and sustainable biomass energy systems. Biotechnology has provided a new toolset that can be used to design and optimize the capture of solar energy through crops. Further development of biotechnology and genomics tools will enable the development of crops with specific traits that are optimized for biofuels and bioenergy. The implementation of such a system will enable a sustainable platform for centuries to come and should be given a high priority in society.