Ethnopharmacological surveys conducted among herbal practitioners of traditional Arab medicine in Israel and the Palestinian area have revealed a large number of indigenous plant species are used as sources of their herbal therapies. Some of these herbal therapies are used to treat liver disease, jaundice or diabetes, conditions in which oxidative stress is prominent. No laboratory data on the bioactivity of herbal medicines in these settings exist in traditional Arab medicine. We hypothesized that the beneficial effect of these plants might be due to their antioxidant properties. Accordingly, we selected eight plants used to treat these two conditions and assessed their antioxidant potential by measuring their ability to suppress the extent of iron-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenates and their potential toxicity by evaluating their effects on mitochondrial respiration and cell membrane integrity in cultured PC12 and HepG2 cells. We found that all the extracts can suppress iron-induced lipid peroxidation and are not toxic. Of these extracts, those prepared from Teucrium polium and Pistacia lentiscus were the most effective in suppressing iron-induced lipid peroxidation. Further investigations are now needed to establish the exact mechanism of action and identify the active bio-ingredient(s) of each extract in order to explain their therapeutic efficacy.