Background: Cervical cancer on the mucosal surface of a pedunculated cervical leiomyoma has not been reported.
Case: A 54-year-old woman who had a bulky protruding cervical tumor with a history of a vaginal bleeding was diagnosed as having squamous cell cancer of the cervix. She received a total of 45 Gy (1.8 Gy daily using 15MV photons) external pelvic irradiation. However, on the follow-up MRI, the mass showed no response. The pedunculated exophytic mass was excised and the pathologic examination showed a leiomyoma covered by cervical stroma and squamous cell carcinoma. She then received additional intracavitary brachytherapy.
Conclusion: This is the first case reported in the literature of squamous cell carcinoma on the surface of peduculated cervical leiomyoma that presented as an exophytic cervical tumor.