We have begun to appreciate that the extent of this disorder is much wider than merely mental retardation. It is also a common cause of learning and emotional problems in mildly affected female carriers with normal IQs. These children present an enormous challenge to all child-care providers, be they in medicine, education, or in various therapy disciplines. Early identification is essential, and the key to effective management is an innovative and multidisciplinary approach. As disciplines become more familiar with and knowledgeable about this frequently occurring form of mental retardation or cause of learning disabilities, they should become more adept at early identification and early referral for support and intervention.