This paper describes polymorphism of a new locus DYS438 in a Polish population sample of 249 males. In an analyzed population sample 5 of 9 alleles, to date identified, were found (6-14). The most frequent allele was 11 with a frequency of 0.5502. In our population bimodal frequency distribution of DYS438 alleles contrary to the other European populations was not observed. The calculated gene diversity value for DYS438 locus is 0.53 and is higher than observed for DYS391, DYS3891, DYS392 i DYS393 and lower than observed for DYS385I/II, DYS19, DYS389II, DYS439 i DYS390 Y-STR loci analyzed to date in our population. Moreover comparison of homogeneity distribution of DYS438 alleles between different populations was analyzed. Very significant statistical differences (p < 0.0000) were observed between our population and three other European population samples (Italy, Portugal, Spain and Denmark).