Taxanes are considered to be the key drugs in the treatment of breast cancer. Although physicians who treat patients with breast cancer have rarely seen patients with neuropathy as an adverse effect of treatment before the advent of taxanes, patients with breast cancer who are treated with taxanes frequently exhibit peripheral neuropathy. As peripheral neuropathy often causes deterioration of the quality of life of patients, it is very important to precisely assess the extent of peripheral neuropathy at an early stage. Clinical oncologists should be familiar with the techniques of neurological examination. In this article we describe the basic techniques for the neurological examination of patients with taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy. In the hope of facilitating the precise evaluation of taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy, the items of neurological examinations in this article are described with reference to the physician neuroexamination form (PNEF) designed by BioNumerik Pharmaceuticals Inc.