Disturbances in GABAergic system have been observed in schizophrenics. In the present study, population association analysis was performed on 19 SNPs in the alpha(1), beta(2), gamma(2), epsilon and pi subunit genes of GABA(A) receptor. Five SNPs in GABRB2, namely B2I7G1584T, rs1816071, rs194072, rs252944 and rs187269, were found to be significantly associated, and their haplotypes in linkage disequilibrium, with schizophrenia. This represents the first report on any disease association of SNPs in the human GABA(A) receptor genes, and focuses attention on the GABAergic hypothesis of schizophrenia etiology.