This paper presents an introduction to the role of camping programs for children with cancer and their families and a hypothesized theory of action. Nine previously published studies investigating recreation-based summer camps for children with cancer and their families are summarized. Overall, these programs appear to be effective; however, an overall conclusion is difficult to state due to variations in design, heterogeneity of subjects, and differences in the definition of camp programs. The lack of knowledge regarding the efficacy of these programs is identified as the largest deficiency in the current literature on this topic. Future research needs in this area are discussed.