To gain insight into the function of gap junctions' connexin43, connexin32 and connexin26 in a neural structure that retains neuronal turnover capacities throughout adulthood, the expression of these molecules has been investigated in the developing and adult olfactory system by immunocytochemical and biochemical methods. Connexin43 was detectable from the olfactory placode stage. During early embryonic development, the levels of connexin43 expression remained low. An increase in the expression of this connexin occurred perinatally. Expression of connexin43 became very high during the postnatal stages and adulthood. Electron microscopy (EM) immunocytochemistry of the olfactory system showed connexin43 expression in non-neuronal cells. Strong regional differences in the expression of connexin43 in the olfactory epithelium were observed. No apparent relationship between connexin43 expression and turnover activity of olfactory neurons was detected. Western blots of olfactory tissues revealed the presence of three different isoforms of connexin43. Connexin32 was detected in the olfactory bulb at late postnatal stages including adulthood. Connexin32 was observed on some cells tentatively identified as oligodendrocytes. Connexin26 was localized onto leptomeninges. Some immunofluorescence was also obtained in the periglomerular region and in the subependymal layer of the bulb. Northern blot analysis revealed the presence of mRNA of connexin32 and connexin26 in the adult olfactory system. Our results substantiate the cell specific expression of these three types of connexins and they document the primary of connexin43 in olfactory tissues. Moreover, our findings indicate that although expression of connexin43 in the olfactory system is developmentally regulated, it is not directly associated with the neuronal cell turnover of the olfactory epithelium.