PIP: An attempt to assess the Indian Population Project which was launched in Uttar Pradesh in 1973 to provide maternal and child health services to Project districts. The trend in performance of MCH services since the beginning of the project is assessed, and MCH performance of project districts with matching nonprojects districts is compared. Taking 1 project district and various neighboring nonproject districts, the absolute deviation between them on each of several variables was computed. Under the MCH program, 4 types of services are available. Under antenatal services, women are provided tetanus toxoide immunizations and periodic health checkups. Under ante- and postnatal services iron and folic acid tablets are distributed and the delivery is attended by trained personnel. For child care, DPT and DT immunizations are provided and iron and folic acid tablets and vitamin A solution are provided. Indices to assess program services were computed for 1974-75 to 1978-79. Results indicate that the project districts had improved their work of antenatal registrations by almost 3 times more in relation to nonproject districts. About 21% of deliveries in the project districts were conducted by project staff in 1977-78 compared to only 3% in 1974-75, an increase of 7 times, while in matching nonproject districts the increase was from 3.7% to about 10% over the same period. The percentage of children receiving immunization was higher in the project districts. Overall maternal beneficiaries in project districts were 20-60% higher, and child beneficiaries 10-40% higher.