Staying abreast of the numerous recent advances in diabetes management presents a challenge to healthcare professionals. This paper provides an overview of these changes and discusses their implications for rehabilitation caregivers and clients. Because of increased scientific knowledge of the disease, there have been changes in nomenclature, diagnostic criteria, and nutritional guidelines. Medications to improve control of diabetes and innovations in equipment have been developed. The concepts of intensive management and self-management have gained importance, as have reimbursement issues. An overview of these advances and their implications for nursing practice, may help nurses throughout the continuum of care to assist individuals with diabetes to enjoy the maximum quality of life possible.