The authors report a rare case of a patient with a primary segmental infarction of the greater omentum who reported acute abdominal pain. Despite preoperative clinical studies and imaging evaluation, an etiologic diagnosis could not be determined. The diagnosis of this uncommon disease was determined after initial laparoscopic exploration. A laparoscopic resection was performed. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged within 12 hours. The differential diagnosis of the right lower quadrant syndrome includes several disorders, of which the primary segmental infarction of the greater omentum is not frequent. The authors emphasize the usefulness of routine laparoscopic exploration in patients with RLQ syndrome because it adds the possibility of mini-invasive treatment to the initial diagnosis.