Proper eye screening is the first step in detection of occult eye disease in asymptomatic patients. Knowing which patients are at high risk and should be referred for a comprehensive eye examination is the key. In part 1 of this three-part article, Dr Shields explains how to identify high-risk patients and offers practical pointers for performing visual acuity measurements and other necessary testing in children. A list of resources on vision care for both patients and physicians is also included.