Some studies have assessed inflammatory cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in herniated lumbar disc tissues using histologic analysis. However, there is no consensus regarding the relationships between clinical symptoms, including radicular pain and the presence of inflammatory cells. It has been shown that autologous nucleus pulposus relocated on the lumbar nerve root in rats produces time dependent and reversible mechanical hyperalgesia, which is thought to be a pain related behavior in peripheral neuropathic pain models. The purpose of this study was to determine whether leukocytes play a role in the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by the nucleus pulposus and to characterize the role of leukocytes in radicular pain attributable to lumbar disc herniation. Nitrogen mustard was used to induce and evaluate leukocytopenia in rats. Sensitivity to mechanical noxious stimuli was measured quantitatively, and inflammatory cells in granulation tissue around the nerve root were examined histologically. The nucleus pulposus produced neither mechanical hyperalgesia nor abundant inflammatory cells in rats with nitrogen mustard induced leukocytopenia. Neuropathic pain produced by the nucleus pulposus, when placed on the nerve root, may be related to inflammatory cell infiltration induced by relocation of the nucleus pulposus, rather than the nucleus pulposus itself.