This paper analyzes changes in labor relations, legislation pertaining to work-related diseases and accidents, and the impact on workers' health in Argentina (1989-1995). The data indicate an increase in unemployment, underemployment, self-employment, and new hiring practices. The study shows the mechanisms by which the state has delegated responsibility for prevention of work-related risks to the private insurance sector. The theoretical discussion of causality thus acquires a political/practical dimension. The data show an increase in work-related accidents following labor reform. Research by universities, NGOs, and labor unions reveal changes in health profiles for salaried, self-employed, and underemployed workers. The three National Meetings on Employment and Health (1992-1994) established an area of exchange between academic and workers' knowledge, with some 128 presentations, research projects, and studies, pointing to an enhanced field for epidemiological surveillance and intervention. The paper reviews the surveys performed by the National Confederation of Workers in Education and the Public Employees' Association.