Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictors of caregiver burden and depression, including objective stressors and mediation forces influencing caregiving outcomes.
Methods: This investigation is based on the 1994 Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) database. Participants were 613 individuals with dementia, living in either the community or an institution, and their informal caregivers. Participants for the CSHA were identified by screening a large random sample of elderly persons across Canada. Structural equation models representing four alternative pathways from caregiving stressors (e.g., functional limitations, disturbing behaviors, patient residence, assistance given to caregiver) to caregiver burden and depression were compared.
Results: The data provided the best fit to a model whereby the effects on the caregiver's well-being are mediated by appraisals of burden. A higher frequency of disturbing behavior, caring for a community-dwelling patient, and low informal support were related to higher burden, which in turn led to more depressive symptomatology. Caregivers of patients exhibiting more disturbing behaviors and functional limitations received less help from family and friends, whereas those whose care recipients resided in an institution received more informal support.
Discussion: Our findings add to the preexisting literature because we tested alternative models of caregiver burden using an unusually large sample size of participants and after overcoming methodological limitations of past research. Results highlight the importance of the effective management of disturbing behaviors, the provision of formal services for caregivers with highly impaired patients and no informal support, and the improvement of coping skills in burdened caregivers.