An epidemiological survey was conducted on the incidence of goiter among children in the 6-14 years age group, permanently living in a village with an increased content of nitrate pollutants in drinking water. Their incidence of goiter was compared to that in a control group of children. The study comprised a total of 359 children--181 from the experimental village and 178 from the control village. A high percentage (40.9%) of goiter is observed among the children in the village with nitrate contamination of drinking water. A statistically significant difference in goiter incidence in children between the experimental and control village is present.