Conditions causing respiratory distress in the neonate, which may require surgery or an interventional procedure, typically have asymmetric radiographic findings. The findings are conveniently categorized from the plain radiographs as those producing a large lucent-appearing hemithorax, those producing a large cystic-appearing hemithorax, and those producing a large opaque-appearing hemithorax. Additional imaging with ultrasound, CT, MR imaging, or fluoroscopy can be planned based on the initial radiographic appearance.