This review summarizes the interactions between GH and exercise. Not only does exercise have profound effects upon the GH/IGF-I axis per se, but there is increasing evidence that such physiological perturbations might be influential in the performance responses to repeated training. However, the effects of systemic administration of rGH in restoring exercise capability and muscle strength in GH deficient adults and the ergogenic benefits of GH doping amongst athletes remain unproven. What is certain is that these issues will be of increasing relevance to clinical endocrinologists.