The liver as an effector organ is the major glucose reservoir, the utilization of which is controlled by hormones but also by hepatic sympathetic nerves. The liver as a sensory organ detects a glucose concentration gradient between the hepatic artery and the portal vein by intrahepatic sensory-effector nerves, generating a cholinergic signal for an insulin-dependent net hepatic glucose uptake. The liver senses the insulin concentration by hepatoenteral sensory-effector nerves, generating a cholinergic signal to increase glucose absorption in the intestine and thus its coordinated utilization in liver, muscle and adipose tissue.