PMC

Haustorial cell structures formed upon infection of various plants or induced by DMBQ. The upper photos show the longitudinal sections of P. japonicum haustoria after infection of susceptible plants (Arabidopsis thaliana (A) and Oryza sativa (B)) and a resistant plant (Lotus japonicus (C)) or induction by DMBQ treatment (D). The lower drawings show the cell outlines of the upper sections. The colors denote cell types. Red, blue, yellow, purple, and gray indicate intrusive cells, small (procambium-like) cells, large cells, lignin accumulation, and host root cells, respectively. Stripes mark the location of xylem cells. Bars = 100 µm.

Response of Orobanchaceae parasitic plants treated with various chemicals for haustorium induction. Chemical categories previously reported as HIFs are shown on the left. Blue boxes with circles: at least one chemical was reported in the corresponding species. Red boxes with crosses: tested chemical(s) did not induce haustoria. Green boxes with triangles: haustoria-like structures were reported. Gray boxes: not reported. Numbers indicate references: 1, ; 2, ; 3, ; 4, ; 5, ; 6, ; 7, ; 8, ; 9, ; 10, ; 11, ; 12, ; 13, ; 14, ; 15, ; 16, .