PMC

Hierarchical clustering of samples based on the expression of differentially expressed genes (vitamin D treatment compared with placebo). Red for higher and blue for lower expression.

The ten most significantly enriched KEGG pathways in genes upregulated by vitamin D treatment compared to placebo. The number of upregulated genes within each pathway is shown.

Change in serum total (A) and free (B) 25-OHD concentrations and their adjusted ratio (C) in the four groups: obese + placebo (O_P), obese + vitamin D (O_VD), normal-weight + placebo (NW_P), and normal-weight + vitamin D (NW_VD) with mean and SEM during the 12-week study.

Schematic of the major components of the KEGG oxidative phosphorylation pathway, from the DAVID bioinformatics portal (https://david.ncifcrf.gov/). Genes significantly upregulated at the second time point in obese subjects receiving vitamin D are marked with a red star.