Comparison between the conformal ultrasound (US) sensor and the commercial tonometer, exercise hemodynamics monitoring, and central arterial and venous pulse measurements. a, Continuous measurements of radial pulse waveforms by both US sensor (top) and the commercial tonometer (bottom) under the same condition. b, Comparison of applied pressure levels to the skin during the measurement. Inset figures show the skin irritation brought by the tonometer and the conformal US sensor. Dots represent all data points. Error bars represent ± s.d. (N=4). c, Comparison of the BP waveforms measured continuously when wrist is bent at a rate of ~15°/s, showing the robust performance of the conformal device. Different postures from 0° to 30° are labeled in different shades. d, Autocorrelation of the waveforms in c, showing the conformal US device can maintain stable measurements in motion. e, Pulse waveforms on the radial artery before (bf) and after (aft) exercise, showing the changes in absolute pressure values and waveform morphologies. f, Pulse waveforms averaged from 10 continuous periods and normalized to the same diastolic and systolic pressure values to demonstrate the change in morphologies caused by vasodilation. g, Illustration of the US sensor measurement locations marked with arrows: the left carotid artery (CA), external jugular vein (Ext JV) and internal jugular vein (Int JV). The right jugular vein and carotid artery are also highlighted. h, A typical pulse waveform measured from the carotid artery, directly correlated to the left atrial and ventricular events. Different phases and characteristic morphologies are marked. i, A typical pulse waveform from the internal jugular vein, directly correlated to right atrial and ventricular activities. Different phases and characteristic morphologies are marked.