PMC

Morphological characteristics of the wild type and fg-1 at different developmental stages. (A–E) represent fg-1 plants at seedling, rosette, late rosette, early heading and heading stages, respectively. (F–J) represent wild type plants at seedling, rosette, late rosette, early heading, and heading stages, respectively.

Concentrations of IAA, MeIAA, ABA, JA, SA and tZ in the fg-1 and wild type. An asterisk represents a significant difference (^∗p < 0.05 and ^∗∗p < 0.01). (A–F) show the concentrations of IAA, MeJA, ABA, JA, SA and tZ in fg-1 and wild type, respectively.

Model of the regulatory network contributing to the fg-1 non-heading leaf phenotype. The black solid arrows denote the findings inferred from the present study. Dark red arrows denote the results of previous studies.

The main KEGG pathways of DEGs in fg-1 compared with wild type. Different colors represent the pathway names. The number of genes involved in each pathway is labeled in parentheses. Pathways in the rectangular boxes are involved in plant hormone signal transduction. (A–D) represent the main KEGG pathways of DEGs in sections a–d of the fg-1 leaf compared with the wild type, respectively.

Scanning electron microscopy for abaxial epidermis cells of leaf sections at different developmental stages for the wild type and fg-1. (A,B) represent abaxial epidermis cells of the top and central leaf edge at the rosette stage in wild type. (C,D) represent abaxial epidermis cells of the top and central leaf edge at the heading stage in wild type. (E,F) represent abaxial epidermis cells of the top and central leaf edge at the rosette stage in fg-1. (G,H) represent abaxial epidermis cells of the top and central leaf edge at the heading stage in fg-1. Slender cells are indicated by arrows. Length of black bars is 10 μm.

Expression profile of the auxin influx and efflux carrier genes, IAMT1 and TCPs. The bar on the right side of the heat map represents relative expression values where 2, 0, and –2 represent high, intermediate and low expression, respectively. Red indicates relatively high gene expression levels and deep blue indicates relatively low gene expression levels. (A) The expression differences in auxin influx and efflux carrier genes in four leaf sections of the fg-1 mutant and wild type. (B) The expression differences in BrIAMT1 and BrTCP genes in four leaf sections of the fg-1 mutant and wild type.