PMC

Population-attributable risk of classical cardiovascular risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF), myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF) in community studies [,,].

Possible pathophysiologic interactions of cardiovascular risk factors in atrial fibrillation (AF), myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF).
Incidence of AF, MI and HF has been related to classical cardiovascular risk factors. These risk factors generate a pro- inflammatory environment and fibrosis which are a common basis of all three diseases. Furthermore, there are disease specific changes that increase the susceptibility for AF, MI or HF. While AF facilitates development of MI and HF, both also result in an increased risk of AF. Their co-occurrence leads to progressive cardiac impairment and an adverse cardiovascular prognosis.