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Figure 2. Inhibition of neurite formation by paclitaxel. Differentiated PC12 cells (day 5) were treated for 24 or 48 h without or with 5 nM paclitaxel as described in the Materials and Methods section and cell morphology was observed under light microscopy. Bar: 100 μm. . From: Partial Protection of Paclitaxel-induced Neurotoxicity by Antioxidants.
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Figure 3. Sensitivity of differentiated PC12 cells to four anticancer drugs. Differentiated PC12 cells (day 5) were treated for 48 h without (control)or with the indicated concentrations of docetaxel (A), doxorubicin (B), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (C) and gefitinib (D). Cell viability (%) was then determined by the MTT method. Each value represents the mean±S.D. from six determinantions. Significantly different at *p<0.05, **p<0.005 and ***p<0.0005. . From: Partial Protection of Paclitaxel-induced Neurotoxicity by Antioxidants.
Figure 5. Calculation of alleviation of paclitaxel-induced neurotoxicity by antioxidants. Cells were treated for 48 h with 25 nM paclitaxel in the presence of the indicated concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (A, E), acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (ALC) (B, F), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) (C,G), or sodium ascorbate (SA) (D, H) and the protective effect of antioxidants was calculated as described in the Materials and Methods section. . From: Partial Protection of Paclitaxel-induced Neurotoxicity by Antioxidants.
Figure 4. Protective activity of four antioxidants against paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells in two independent experiments (Exp 1: A-D; Exp. 2: E-H). Cells were incubated for 48 h with 25 nM paclitaxel in the presence of the indicated concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (A, E), acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (ALC) (B, F), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) (C, G), or sodium ascorbate (SA) (D, H). Each value represents the mean±S.D. (n=6). . From: Partial Protection of Paclitaxel-induced Neurotoxicity by Antioxidants.
Figure 1. Cytotoxicity of paclitaxel towards rat neuronal cells compared to that towards human non-malignant and malignant cells. Differentiated rat PC12 cells (day 5) inoculated at different density (3,125-25,000 cells/cm2) (A, B), human normal epithelial (HGEP) and mesenchymal cells [human gingival fibroblast (HGF), human periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPLF), human pulp cell (HPC)] (C, D), and human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines derived from gingiva (Ca9-22) and tongue (HSC-2, HSC-3, HSC-4) (E, F) were treated for 24 (A, C, E) or 48 h (B, D, F) with the indicated concentrations of paclitaxel, and relative viable cell number was determined by MTT method. Each value represents the mean from six determinantions. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of paclitaxel is listed in Table I.. From: Partial Protection of Paclitaxel-induced Neurotoxicity by Antioxidants.
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