PMC

PD prediction and actual value of PGE₂ concentrations in AA rats. Predicted values are shown by solid lines; observations are shown by hollow triangles (GE, 30 mg/kg), open circles (GE, 60 mg/kg) and hollow quadrilaterals (GE, 120 mg/kg).

PK–PD profiles of GE in AA rats’ joint cavities. The time, PK and PD data were input into Phoenix WinNonlin 6.4, and the parameters of the PK–PD binding model were fitted. Each point shows the mean ± SD of six rats.

The concentration–time curve of GE after oral administration. The AA rats were treated with different concentrations of GE (30, 60 and 120 mg/kg) for 7 days. Samples were collected at the same time as the administration and once every 1 h for a total of 8 h. Values are presented as means ± SD (n = 6).

The concentration–time curve of PGE₂. The AA rats were treated with different concentrations of GE (30, 60 and 120 mg/kg) for 7 days. Samples were collected at the same time as the administration and once every 1 h for a total of 8 h. Values are presented as means ± SD (n = 6); ^## p < 0.05 vs blank group; ** p < 0.05 vs model group.

The stability of RL of knee-joint microdialysis probes in vivo (n = 4, ± s). (The probe was perfused with Ringer containing GE (100 μg/mL) at a flow rate of 1 μL/min. The analytic samples were collected every l h to investigate the stability of the microdialysis probe in vivo over 8 h. Calculations for the joint microdialysis probe were made according to the reduction method formula: R _{in vivo} = (C_perfusate − C_dialysis)/C_perfusate × 100%).