PMC

High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of (A) yellow and (B) green pigments from the seed oil obtained from Calophyllum inophyllum L. AU, absorption units.

Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of (A) yellow and (B) green pigments from the seed oil obtained from Calophyllum inophyllum L. ppm, parts per million.

Green pigment induces cytotoxicity in human lung cancer cells. Various concentrations (0.05, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00%) of the pigment were added to A549 or H1975 cells for 24–72 h. Cell viability was determined by MTS assay. NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer.

Yellow pigment induces cytotoxicity in human lung cancer cells. Various concentrations (0.05, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00%) of the pigments were added to A549 or H1975 cells for 24–72 h. Cell viability was determined by MTS assay. NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer.

(A) Apoptotic analysis of green or yellow pigment-treated DLD-1 cells. ***P<0.001 vs. untreated. (B) Cell cycle analysis of green or yellow pigment-treated DLD-1 cells. DLD-1 cells were plated in 60 mm culture dishes at 80% confluence and treated with the indicated concentrations of pigment for 24 h. Following treatment, the cells were harvested and fixed in phosphate-buffered saline-methanol (v/v, 1:2) solution. The cells were stained with propidium iodide followed by flow cytometric analysis. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 vs. untreated.

Cell viability analysis in green or yellow pigment-treated DLD-1 cells. DLD-1 cells were plated in 60 mm culture dishes at 80% confluence and treated with the indicated concentrations of pigment for 24 h. Following treatment, the MTT reagent (0.5 mg/ml) was added to the cells for 2 h at 37°C, and the cells were lysed with dimethyl sulfoxide. Absorbance was evaluated at 595 nm. IC₅₀, half-maximal inhibitory concentration.