PMC

RMM indicates repeated measures model; SC, subcutaneous. Data are estimated means from the RMM with treatment, stratum, country, and baseline value all nested within visit. Error bars are 95% CIs.
^aNo. of patients with an assessment.

BMI indicates body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA_1c, hemoglobin A_1c. “Completed treatment” refers to those patients who did not discontinue treatment prematurely (with or without the addition of rescue medication).
^aParticipants included in the primary analysis had completed the week 26 assessment.
^bDiscontinued treatment less than 1 week prior to week 26. The assessment at week 26 was still considered to be valid for the primary analysis due to the long half-life of semaglutide.

RMM indicates repeated measures model; SC, subcutaneous. A, Data are estimated means from RMM with treatment, stratum, country, and baseline value all nested within visit. Error bars indicate 95% CIs. B, The proportion of patients achieving an HbA_1c level of less than 7.0% after 26 weeks of treatment was significant for the oral semaglutide 2.5-mg group vs placebo (P = .01) and for all other oral semaglutide dosages and SC semaglutide (P < .001). Missing HbA_1c values are imputed from RMM analysis before calculating the proportions of patients reaching the target.
^aNo. of patients with an assessment (panel A) and imputed value (panel B).

The trial was conducted among 632 patients with type 2 diabetes who were 18 years or older receiving stable treatment with diet and exercise or stable treatment with metformin for 30 days prior to screening. Patients had a hemoglobin A_1c level of 7.0% to 9.5% and an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 60 mL/min/1.73 m² or more. There was no dose escalation in the oral semaglutide 2.5-mg and placebo groups. In the other oral semaglutide groups, the dose was doubled from a starting dose of 2.5 mg or 5 mg every 4 weeks until the trial maintenance dose of the group (5-40 mg) was achieved (blue shades). The subcutaneous semaglutide dose was doubled every 4 weeks from a starting dose of 0.25 mg until a 1 mg trial maintenance dose was achieved. In addition, a slow dose escalation (purple) to 40 mg of oral semaglutide at 8-week intervals and a fast dose escalation (green) to 40 mg of oral semaglutide at 2-week intervals were included. Subcutaneous semaglutide was supplied as a 1.34-mg/mL solution in a 1.5-mL prefilled PDS290 pen injector (FlexTouch, Novo Nordisk A/S), and was administered in the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm on the same day of the week.