PMC

Relative H₂O₂ productions of GcLPMO9A and GcLPMO9B in the absence and the presence of increasing amounts of PASC and xyloglucan. Relative H₂O₂ productions of GcLPMO9A (left) and GcLPMO9B (right) in the absence or the presence of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1% of PASC or xyloglucan. Error bars indicate standard deviations from triplicate independent experiments

Analysis of products released from PASC, xyloglucan, and xyloglucan oligosaccharides XG14 by GcLPMO9A and GcLPMO9B. HPAEC chromatograms show the products released by GcLPMO9A from PASC (a), xyloglucan (b), XG14 (c), and by GcLPMO9B from PASC (d), xyloglucan (e), and XG14 (f). Enzyme assays in the presence of substrate and ascorbate are shown in blue and control reactions without ascorbate and without enzyme are shown in black and red, respectively. The insets in a and d highlight the releases of C4 and C1-C4-oxidized cello-oligosaccharides by GcLPMO9A and GcLPMO9B, respectively. PASC, phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose; XG, Xyloglucan

Contribution of GcLPMO9 enzymes to the saccharification of woody biomass. Glucose releases upon saccharification of birchwood (a) and poplar (b) by the Trichoderma reesei enzyme cocktail in the presence of 2.2 µM GcLPMO9 enzymes. All assays were run in the presence of 1 mM ascorbic acid. Glucose was quantified using HPAEC. Error bars indicate standard deviations from triplicate independent experiments

Microscopic observation of cellulose fibrils disruption. Pictures showing the activities of GcLPMO9A, GcLPMO9B, and GcLPMO9C on cellulose fibrils. The fibrils before (top) and after treatment (bottom) with 20 mg g⁻¹ LPMO in the presence of 1 mM ascorbic acid for 48 h at 40 °C. Images were recorded after dispersion and the representative of the samples was analyzed

Growth of G. candidum CLIB 918 on diverse carbon sources. Pictures show the propagation of G. candidum CLIB 918 from the central inoculate disk onto glucose (a), PASC (b), wheat straw (c), and birchwood (d). The plates shown here are those from the condition in the absence of ascorbate. Identical profiles were observed in the presence of 1 mM ascorbate. The pictures were taken after 7 days of incubation at 30 °C