PMC

Values represent standardized mean differences of each trait per SD increase in WHRadjBMI derived from conventional (IVW) Mendelian randomization analysis. Non-normally distributed variables were natural log transformed; therefore mean differences displayed on the log scale may be anti-logged and interpreted as percentage difference in SD of trait per SD in WHRadjBMI. Log triglycerides from individual participant data studies only; GLGC triglycerides in .

Values represent standardized mean differences of each trait per SD increase in BMI derived from conventional (IVW) Mendelian randomization analysis. Non-normally distributed variables were natural ln transformed; therefore mean differences displayed on the log scale may be anti-logged and interpreted as percentage differences in SD of trait per SD in BMI. Log triglycerides from individual participant data studies only; GLGC triglycerides in .

Association between T2D and adiposity (BMI and WHRadjBMI) comparing causal odds ratios (OR) per SD of adiposity trait derived from instrumental variable analysis and observational analysis from Vazquez et al., 2007. Causal estimates are derived from Mendelian randomization and include conventional (ratio) approach and weighted median (see for further details). P(genetic pleiotropy) relates to the P-value derived from the intercept of MR-Egger; a small P-value denotes presence of directional pleiotropy.

Association between ischaemic stroke and adiposity (BMI and WHRadjBMI) comparing causal odds ratios (OR) per SD of adiposity trait derived from instrumental variable analysis and observational analysis from the Emerging Risk Factors Consortium (HR of ischaemic stroke per SD of BMI or waist:hip adjusted for age, sex and smoking status). Causal estimates are derived from Mendelian randomization and include conventional (ratio) approach and weighted median (see for further details). P(genetic pleiotropy) relates to the P-value derived from the intercept of MR-Egger; a small P-value denotes presence of directional pleiotropy.

Association between coronary heart disease and adiposity (BMI and WHRadjBMI) comparing causal odds ratios (OR) per SD of adiposity trait derived from instrumental variable analysis and observational analysis from the Emerging Risk Factors Consortium hazard ratio (HR per SD of BMI or waist:hip adjusted for age, sex and smoking status). Causal estimates are derived from Mendelian randomization and include conventional (ratio) approach and weighted median (see for further details). P(genetic pleiotropy) relates to the P-value derived from the intercept of MR-Egger; a small P-value denotes presence of directional pleiotropy.