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1.
Fig. 2

Fig. 2. Transport properties of raltitrexed by multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4). From: Investigation of the importance of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (Mrp4/Abcc4) in the active efflux of anionic drugs across the blood–brain barrier.

Concentration dependance of raltitrexed uptake is shown as Eadie-Hofstee plots. The solid line represents the fitted line obtained by nonlinear regression analysis. Each data point with an error bar represents the mean value and S.E. (n = 3).

Kayoko Kanamitsu, et al. J Pharm Sci. ;106(9):2566-2575.
2.
Fig. 1

Fig. 1. The uptake of various compounds by multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4)-expressing membrane vesicles. From: Investigation of the importance of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (Mrp4/Abcc4) in the active efflux of anionic drugs across the blood–brain barrier.

The uptake of [3H]ochratoxin A (0.1 μM), [3H]pitavastatin (0.1 μM), raltitrexed (30 μM), [3H]pravastatin (0.1 μM), [3H]cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP, 0.1 μM), [3H]2,4D (0.1 μM), and [14C]urate (0.1 μM) by the membrane vesicles that were prepared from HEK293 cells expressing MRP4 and green fluorescent protein was determined at 37°C for 5 min in medium that contained 5 mM ATP (■) or AMP (□). Each bar with an error bar represents the mean value and standard error (S.E.) (n = 3).

Kayoko Kanamitsu, et al. J Pharm Sci. ;106(9):2566-2575.
3.
Fig. 6

Fig. 6. Uptake into (A) mOatp1a4-expressing and mock cells of [3H]taurocholate (1 μM), [3H]methotrexate (50 nM), and raltitrexed (10 μM) and (B) mOat3-expressing and mock cells of [3H]estrone sulfate (0.1 μM), [3H]methotrexate (50 nM), and raltitrexed (10 μM) was determined after 2 min incubation in the presence or absence of probenecid or GF120918. From: Investigation of the importance of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (Mrp4/Abcc4) in the active efflux of anionic drugs across the blood–brain barrier.

■, data for mOatp1a4 and mOat3-expressing cells; □, data for mock cells. Each bar with an error bar represents the mean value and S.E. (n = 3). Daggers represent statistically significant differences between mock and Oatp1a4 (or Oat3)-expressing cells in control conditions; †, P < 0.05; ††,P < 0.005; †††, P < 0.0005. Asterisks represent statistically significant differences between in the absence and presence of inhibitors in transporter expressing cells; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.005; ***, P < 0.0005.

Kayoko Kanamitsu, et al. J Pharm Sci. ;106(9):2566-2575.
4.
Fig. 3

Fig. 3. Comparison of the plasma concentrations, brain-to-plasma concentration ratio, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-to-plasma concentration ratio of quinidine (A) and dantrolene (B) after intravenous infusion in wild-type (WT) and Mrp4 -/- mice. From: Investigation of the importance of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (Mrp4/Abcc4) in the active efflux of anionic drugs across the blood–brain barrier.

Mice received a continuous intravenous infusion for 120 min of either quinidine or dantrolene at a dose of 8 or 2 μmol/h/kg after priming doses of 6 or 4 μmol/kg, respectively. The plasma, brain, and CSF concentrations of quinidine and dantrolene were determined at the end of infusion. ■, data for WT mice; □, data for Mrp4-/- mice. Each data point and bar with an error bar represents the mean value and S.E. obtained from three to four mice.

Kayoko Kanamitsu, et al. J Pharm Sci. ;106(9):2566-2575.
5.
Fig. 4

Fig. 4. Comparison of the plasma concentration, brain-to-plasma concentration ratio, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-to-plasma concentration ratio of methotrexate (A) and raltitrexed (B) after subcutaneous infusion in wild-type (WT) and Mrp4-/- mice. From: Investigation of the importance of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (Mrp4/Abcc4) in the active efflux of anionic drugs across the blood–brain barrier.

Mice received a continuous subcutaneous infusion of either methotrexate or raltitrexed at a dose of 80 or 160 μg/h/mouse, respectively, for 19 h with an osmotic pump. The plasma, brain and CSF concentrations of methotrexate and raltitrexed were determined at the end of the infusion. □, data for WT mice; ■, data for Mrp4-/- mice. Each bar with an error bar represents the mean value and S.E. obtained from four mice. Asterisks represent statistically significant differences between WT and Mrp4-/- mice: **, P < 0.01.

Kayoko Kanamitsu, et al. J Pharm Sci. ;106(9):2566-2575.
6.
Fig. 5

Fig. 5. Effect of GF120918 on the cortex-, cerebellum-, and kidney-to-plasma ratios of methotrexate (A) and raltitrexed (B) in wild-type (WT) and Mrp4-/- mice. From: Investigation of the importance of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (Mrp4/Abcc4) in the active efflux of anionic drugs across the blood–brain barrier.

At 15 min after the injection of GF120918 (17 μmol/kg, closed symbols) or solvent alone (open symbols), the mice received a constant intravenous infusion of methotrexate and raltitrexed at doses of 8 and 12 μmol/h/kg. The plasma concentrations of methotrexate and raltitrexed were determined at the designated times in WT (circles) and Mrp4-/- mice (squares). The tissue-to-plasma ratio was calculated at 90 min. Each data point and bar with an error bar represent the mean value and standard error (S.E.) obtained from three to four mice. Asterisks represent statistically significant differences between WT and Mrp4-/- mice; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.005. Daggers represent statistically significant differences between control and GF120918-pretreated mice; †, P < 0.05; ††, P < 0.005; †††, P < 0.0005.

Kayoko Kanamitsu, et al. J Pharm Sci. ;106(9):2566-2575.

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