a Reagents and conditions: (a) BnOH, NaH, DMF; (b) n-butyl acrylate, 1 % Pd(OAc)2, 2 % PhNHCONH2, K2CO3, 130 °C; (c) 2N NaOH, MeOH/THF (1:1); (d) MeNH2 +OMeCl−, EDCI, DMAP, CH2Cl2; (e) Me3S(O)+I−, NaH, DMSO; (f) (I) DIBAL-H, THF, −78 °C to −20 °C; (II) NaBH4, MeOH; (g) ChiralPak AD, EtOH; (h) (I) (COCl)2, DMSO, Et3N, CH2Cl2, −78 °C; (II) Ph3P=CHOCH3, THF, 0 °C; (i) PtO2, H2, CH2Cl2; (j) 10 % Pd/C, H2; (k) (CF3SO2)2O, pyridine; (l) tert-butyl 1,4-diazepane-1-carboxylate or 1-methyl-1,4-diazepane or tert-butyl (1S,4S)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylate, tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-2’,4’,6’-triisopropylbiphenyl, K3PO4, 1,4-dioxane, microwave, 160 °C, 10 min; (m) CF3CO2H, CH2Cl2; (n) (I) ethynyl(trimethyl)silane, CuI, PdCl2(PPh3)2, PPh3, Et3N, 60 °C, (II) TBAF, THF; (o) O2N(CH2)2OTBS, PhNCO, Et3N, PhMe.