PMC

Persistent downregulation of AdipoR1 was observed in intestine (A,B) and colon (C,D) twelve months after heavy ion radiation exposure. Decreased expression of AdipoR2 was also observed in intestine (E,F) and colon (G,H) twelve months after radiation exposure.

Increased expression of IGF1R was observed in intestine (A,B) and colon (C,D) twelve months after radiation exposure. We also observed increased leptin receptor (Ob-R) expression was observed in intestine (E,F) and colon (G,H) after heavy ion radiation exposure.

Increased body weight (A), serum triglyceride (B) and insulin (C), and intestine and colon tissue expression of PPARγ gene (D) was observed after ⁵⁶Fe radiation. For PPARγ expression (D), the fold change (dotted line) and p-value cutoff for irradiated group was 1.25 and p < 0.05 respectively relative to control.

Immunoblot analysis of IRS1, p-mTOR, mTOR, p-Jak2, Jak2, p-Stat3, Stat3, p-Akt, Akt showed activation of IGF1 and leptin signaling in intestine (A,B) and colon (C,D) 12 months after radiation exposure. Immunostaining of Ki-67 in small intestine sections from irradiated mice showed greater staining relative to control mice (A,B). Colon sections from irradiated mice also showed increased Ki67 staining relative to controls (C,D). Error bars represent mean ± SEM and p < 0.05 was considered significant, compared to sham irradiated control.