PMC

A unified model of the relationship between environmental factors, β-cell endoplasmic reticulum stress, generation of neoautoantigens (HIPs), and loss of immune tolerance that triggers islet autoimmunity
HIP=hybrid insulin peptide.

Environmental triggers and protective factors for islet autoimmunity and promoters of progression to type 1 diabetes for which an association has been suggested
Triggers and factors with the strongest evidence base are shown in blue.