Fundamental localization limit as a function of the acquisition time interval for an object with linear trajectory. Panel (a) Fundamental limit of x0. Panel (b) Fundamental limit of y0. (∘) corresponds to the case where all the parameters that describe the trajectory θ = (x0, y0, ϕ, ν)are unknown. (*) corresponds to the case where prior knowledge of ν is available such that θ̃ = (x0, y0, ϕ). For the moving object, σ = 84 nm, magnification M = 100, its direction of movement ϕ = 30°, its speed ν = 1000 nm/s and the photon detection rate Λ0 = 1000 photons/s.