PMC

(a) Representative photographs of kidney sections from animals given various doses of gentamicin. Periodic acid-Schiff staining. 400×. CON: control group. N = 3 animals per group. (b) Renal damage was semiquantitatively scored as described in the Methods section. ATN: acute tubular necrosis. *p < 0.05 vs. CON, Δp < 0.05 vs. 60 mg/kg gentamicin.

(a) Representative photographs of kidney sections from animals treated with gentamicin or/and rapamycin. Periodic acid-Schiff staining. 400×. CON: control group. n = 6 animals per group. (b) Renal damage was semiquantitatively assessed as described in the Methods section. ATN: acute tubular necrosis. *p < 0.05, vs. GEN.

(a) Representative photographs of kidney sections from animals treated with various intervals of gentamicin. Periodic acid-Schiff staining. 400×. CON: control group. N = 6 animals per group. (b) Renal damage was semiquantitatively scored as described in the Methods section. ATN: acute tubular necrosis. * p< 0.05 vs. day 0.

(a) The levels of LC3, p62/SQSTM1, poly UB, Bnip3, HIF-1α, PINK1, Parkin, p-Parkin and AMBRA1 in kidney extracts of animals treated with various doses of gentamicin were quantified by Western blotting. CON: the control group, GEN: the gentamicin-treated group, Rapa: the gentamicin and rapamycin treated group. The gels have been run under the same experimental conditions. (b–k) Quantitative measurements of band densities of LC3, p62/SQSTM1, poly UB, Bnip3, HIF-1α, PINK1, Parkin, p-Parkin and AMBRA1. Protein expression data are presented as means ± SDs (n = 6). *p < 0.05 vs. GEN.

(a) The expression levels of LC3, p62/SQSTM1, poly UB, Bnip3, HIF-1α, PINK1, Parkin, p-Parkin and AMBRA1 in kidney extracts of animals treated with various intervals of gentamicin were quantified by Western blotting. 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 represent the day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 groups, respectively. The gels have been run under the same experimental conditions. (b–k) Quantitative band density measurements for LC3, p62/SQSTM1, poly UB, Bnip3, HIF-1α, PINK1, Parkin, p-Parkin and AMBRA1. All data are presented as means ± SDs (n = 6). *p < 0.05 vs. day 0.

(a) The levels of γ-H2AX, 4HNE, and protein carbonyls in kidney extracts from gentamicin-treated pigs were measured by Western blotting. CON: the control group, GEN: the gentamicin-treated group, Rapa: the gentamicin and rapamycin treated group. The gels have been run under the same experimental conditions. (b,c) Quantitative analysis of the band densities of γ-H2AX and 4HNE. Protein expression data are presented as means ± SDs (n = 6). *p < 0.05 vs. GEN. (d) Immunohistochemical staining of 8-OHdG in the kidneys of gentamicin-treated pigs. 400×. (e) Transmission electron microscopy (TM) of mitochondrial structures in the renal tissues of gentamicin- or/and rapamycin-treated pigs. Black arrows indicate the mitochondria.

(a) The levels of p-p65 (NF-κB) in kidney extracts of gentamicin-treated pigs were measured by Western blotting. 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 represent the day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 groups, respectively. The gels have been run under the same experimental conditions. (b) Quantitative analysis of p-p65 (NF-κB) band densities. Protein expression data are presented as means ± Ds (n = 6). *p < 0.05 vs. day 0. (c) The levels of mRNAs encoding ICAM-1, CXCL2, IL-6, VCAM-1, MCP-1, and CCL-5 mRNA in the kidneys of gentamicin-treated minipigs were measured by quantitative PCR. Data are presented as means ± SDs (n = 6). *p < 0.05 vs. day 0.

(a) The expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 in kidney extracts of gentamicin-treated pigs were measured by Western blotting. 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 represent the day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 groups, respectively. The gels have been run under the same experimental conditions. (b) Quantitative band density analysis of cleaved caspase-3 levels. Protein expression data are presented as means ± SDs (n = 6). *p < 0.05 vs. day 0. (c) Representative photographs of kidney cortical specimens, subjected to the TUNEL assay, from pigs treated with gentamicin (400×). (d) The numbers of TUNEL (+) cells were counted as described in the Methods section. *p < 0.05 vs. day 0. # p < 0.05 vs. day 7.

(a) The levels of cleaved caspase-3 in kidney extracts of gentamicin-treated pigs were measured by Western blotting. CON: the control group, GEN: the gentamicin-treated group, Rapa: the gentamicin and rapamycin treated group. The gels have been run under the same experimental conditions. (b) Quantitative analysis of the band densities of cleaved caspase-3. Protein expression data are presented as means ± SDs (n = 6). *p < 0.05 vs. GEN. (c) The levels of p-NF-κB in kidney extracts of gentamicin-treated pigs were measured by Western blotting. CON: the control group, GEN: the gentamicin-treated group, Rapa: the gentamicin and rapamycin treated group. (d) Quantitative analysis of the band densities of p-NF-κB. Protein expression data are presented as means ± SDs (n = 6). *p < 0.05 vs. GEN. (e) Representative photographs of kidney cortical sections, on which the TUNEL assay had been performed, from pigs treated with gentamicin. 400×. (f) The numbers of TUNEL (+) cells were scored as described in the Methods section. *p < 0.05 vs. GEN. # p < 0.05 vs. day 7. (g–l) The expression levels of mRNAs encoding MCP-1, IL-6, CXCL2, CCL-5, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 in minipig kidneys were measured by quantitative PCR. Data are presented as means ± SDs (n = 6). *p < 0.05 vs. GEN.

(a) Immunohistochemical staining for 8-OHdG in the kidneys of gentamicin-treated minipigs (400×). (b) The levels of γ-H2AX, 4HNE, and protein carbonyls in kidney extracts of gentamicin-treated pigs were measured by Western blotting. 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 represent the day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 groups, respectively. The gels have been run under the same experimental conditions. (c,d) Quantitative band density analysis of γ-H2AX and 4HNE. Protein expression data are presented as means ± SDs (n = 6). *p < 0.05 vs. day 0. (e) Transmission electron microscopy (TM) of mitochondrial structures in renal tissues of gentamicin-treated pigs. Black arrows indicate the mitochondria.